Effects of spanking on children :: essays research papers

The utilization of hitting is one of the most dubious child rearing practices and furthermore one of the most established, crossing all through numerous ages. Beating is a control strategy wherein a regulating grown-up purposely exacts torment upon a kid because of a child’s unsatisfactory conduct. Albeit beating exists in about each nation and family, its appearance is heterogeneous. Most importantly the demonstration of controlling a hitting fluctuates among families and societies. As Gershoff (2002) called attention to, a few guardians plan when a punishing would be the best control though a few guardians beat rashly (Holden, 2002). Guardians likewise vary in their dispositions while conveying this disputable discipline, a few guardians are enraged and others attempt to be cherishing and reason with the youngster. Another wellspring of variety is the way that beating is regularly combined with other child rearing practices, for example, chastening, hollering, or maybe seeth ing and along these lines thinking. A third wellspring of variety concerns parental attributes. Sweetheart and Steinberg (1993) recognized the substance of parental acts and the style where it was directed (Holden, 2002). With this variety scientists can't authoritatively separate the particular impacts of hitting.      Holden (2002) surveyed Gershoff’s (2002) meta-examinations of eighty-eight (88) contemplates and noticed that there were both positive and negative results related with the discipline of hitting. As per Gershoff’s (2002) examination, the one positive result was prompt consistence by the kid (Holden, 2002). This outcome was seen as predictable in five (5) considers. Quick consistence was characterized as the youngster going along to the guardians mandate inside five (5) seconds. As a glaring difference, there were four (4) negative results. The examination demonstrated a negative impact on the nature of the parent kid relationship, the child’s psychological well-being, the child’s view of being a casualty of physical youngster misuse, and furthermore affected hostility in adulthood (Holden, 2002).  â â â â Spanking should consistently be of sensible power, never leave wounds or stamps, and just ever be on the posterior. Beating advocates contend that the rear end are the most secure spot to manage whipping since it creates a sharp stinging agony yet injury is improbable.

U.S./Mexico Relations: Surviving the War in Iraq? Essay -- Essays Pap

U.S./Mexico Relations: Surviving the War in Iraq? In the United States’ current condition of war with Iraq, its connections to other world forces have gotten progressively significant. The U.S.’s relationship with Mexico, specifically, has risen as one of the most critical connections that the U.S. must work to keep up in this condition of war. As of late, the U.S. also, Mexico have built up and built up a broadly solid relationship, and the fellowship between U.S. President Bush and Mexico President Vicente Fox has kept on setting the association between the two nations. Shrub was cited in the Economist as saying, in 2001, â€Å"America has no nearer relationship† . The closeness of this relationship has set the two nations in problematic, high-pressure positions comparative with each other as to the war in Iraq. Specifically, dealings between the two heads on issues of exchange and migration laws have molded the present connection among Mexico and the U.S. also, have thus added to the strain that the two chief s have felt, and keep on feeling, as they battle to keep up this cozy relationship even with the war. All the more explicitly, ongoing turns of events, or deficiency in that department, with respect to these issues have altogether affected Fox’s choice of whether to help the U.S. in the war against Iraq. Moreover, media depiction both of dealings between the two nations and of the impacts that the arrangements are having on U.S./Mexico relations is impacting open impression of the relationship in the two nations, and, thus, may even be influencing the relationship itself all the while. As America arranged to assault Iraq, Mexico confronted the troublesome decisio... ...urrent issues that strain the urgent bond among Mexico and the United States. Works Cited 1.) http://www.economist.com/urban communities/displaystory.cfm?story_id=1608395 2.) http://aztlan.net/mexicounsc.htm 3.) http://larouchein2004.net/pages/interviews/2002/021119excelsior.htm 4.) http://www.rense.com/general48/tue.htm 5.) http://english.pravda.ru/world/2003/01/07/41704.html 6.) http://www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/americas/04/13/venezuela/ 7.) http://www.socialistaction.org/news/200207/show.html 8.) http://usembassy.state.gov/mumbai/wwwhwashnews810.html 9.) http://www.guardian.co.uk/wto/article/0,2763,1019250,00.html 10.) http://www.sltrib.com/2003/Mar/03172003/utah/38978.asp 11.) http://aztlan.net/mexicounsc.htm 12.) http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/03/05/national/main604190.shtml 13.) http://eatthestate.org/07-19/ItsAboutMexicos.htm U.S./Mexico Relations: Surviving the War in Iraq? Exposition - Essays Pap U.S./Mexico Relations: Surviving the War in Iraq? In the United States’ current condition of war with Iraq, its connections to other world forces have gotten progressively significant. The U.S.’s relationship with Mexico, specifically, has developed as one of the most pivotal connections that the U.S. must work to keep up in this condition of war. As of late, the U.S. what's more, Mexico have set up and built up a broadly solid relationship, and the kinship between U.S. President Bush and Mexico President Vicente Fox has kept on hardening the association between the two nations. Hedge was cited in the Economist as saying, in 2001, â€Å"America has no nearer relationship† . The closeness of this relationship has set the two nations in shaky, high-pressure positions comparative with each other as to the war in Iraq. Specifically, dealings between the two chiefs on issues of exchange and movement laws have molded the present connection among Mexico and the U.S. what's more, have subsequently added to the strain th at the two chiefs have felt, and keep on feeling, as they battle to keep up this cozy relationship even with the war. All the more explicitly, late turns of events, or scarcity in that department, with respect to these issues have fundamentally affected Fox’s choice of whether to help the U.S. in the war against Iraq. Moreover, media depiction both of exchanges between the two nations and of the impacts that the dealings are having on U.S./Mexico relations is affecting open view of the relationship in the two nations, and, therefore, may even be influencing the relationship itself all the while. As America arranged to assault Iraq, Mexico confronted the troublesome decisio... ...urrent issues that strain the significant bond among Mexico and the United States. Works Cited 1.) http://www.economist.com/urban areas/displaystory.cfm?story_id=1608395 2.) http://aztlan.net/mexicounsc.htm 3.) http://larouchein2004.net/pages/interviews/2002/021119excelsior.htm 4.) http://www.rense.com/general48/tue.htm 5.) http://english.pravda.ru/world/2003/01/07/41704.html 6.) http://www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/americas/04/13/venezuela/ 7.) http://www.socialistaction.org/news/200207/show.html 8.) http://usembassy.state.gov/mumbai/wwwhwashnews810.html 9.) http://www.guardian.co.uk/wto/article/0,2763,1019250,00.html 10.) http://www.sltrib.com/2003/Mar/03172003/utah/38978.asp 11.) http://aztlan.net/mexicounsc.htm 12.) http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/03/05/national/main604190.shtml 13.) http://eatthestate.org/07-19/ItsAboutMexicos.htm

Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Each year SIPA is proud to partner with several organizations to assist students with paying for school.   One of the organizations we partner with is the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation (WWNFF).   WWNFF offers two great programs that can benefit those interested in attending SIPA. First is the Thomas R. Pickering Graduate Foreign Affairs Fellowship.   This fellowship focuses on individuals that are interested in working for the U.S. Department of State and are applying to graduate programs. Second is a program available to undergraduate students called the Thomas R. Pickering Foreign Affairs Fellowship.   SIPA is proud to partner with both divisions of this fellowship program.   What follows is a recent email sent out by WWNFF.   If you qualify these are both very generous programs that can help to reduce the financial burden associated with attending graduate school. As one of the United States’ top fellowship providers, we offer programs that cultivate talent and drive change in the nation’s high-need fields. Following is an exciting opportunity we’d like to share with you and your students. The WWNFF is now accepting applications for the 2012 Thomas R. Pickering Foreign Affairs Graduate Foreign Affairs Fellowships. We seek highly motivated and academically excellent college juniors and graduating seniors or recent graduates who have an interest in pursuing a Foreign Service career in the U.S. Department of State. Funded by the U.S. Department of State, the programs honor Career Ambassador Thomas R. Pickering, one of the country’s most respected Foreign Service Officers. The goal of the programs is to attract outstanding students from all ethnic and social backgrounds who are dedicated to representing Americas interests abroad. Women, members of minority groups historically underrepresented in the Foreign Service, and students with financial need are encouraged to apply to one of the two Programs. Thomas R. Pickering Graduate Foreign Affairs Fellowship (GFAF) applicants must: 1.               Be a graduating senior or a recent graduate beginning a two-year, full-time master’s degree program in fall 2011 in fields such as public policy, international affairs, public administration, business, economics, political science, sociology or foreign languages 2.               Have a minimum undergraduate GPA of 3.2 or higher (on a scale of 4.0) 3.               Be a United States citizen The Graduate Fellowship award includes: $40,000 annually towards tuition costs (first) and related academic expenses during the first and second year of graduate study, pending availability of funding. Two paid summer internships in Washington, DC and overseas. Thomas R. Pickering Foreign Affairs Fellowship (FAF) applicants must: 1.               Be in the junior year of undergraduate study enrolled in an academic program relevant to the work of the U.S. Department of State in fields such as international affairs, foreign languages, communications, history, political and economic analysis, administration, management, or science policy 2.               Have a minimum undergraduate GPA of 3.2 or higher (on a scale of 4.0) 3.               Be a United States citizen. The Undergraduate Fellowship award includes: $40,000 annually towards tuition costs (first) and related academic expenses during the senior year of college and the first year of graduate study, pending availability of funding. Two paid summer internships in Washington, DC and overseas. The deadline for the 2012 Pickering Graduate Fellowship Program applications is January 30, 2012. The deadline for the 2012 Pickering Undergraduate Fellowship Program applications is February 3, 2012. Each program will select twenty Pickering Fellows annually. Additional information concerning the 2012 Pickering Fellowships is available online on the Foundation’s website (www.woodrow.org/pickering), including electronic versions of the 2012 Pickering brochures. Students should also visit our website to initiate their online application, which describes other documents that each applicant must forward to the WWNFF. In addition, all applicants must send the WWNFF a copy of their most recent financial aid letter that lists grants or loans, and provide a copy of the Student Aid Report (SAR), which indicates the Estimated Family Contribution (EFC) number. If you’d like more information about the Pickering Graduate Fellowship Program, please email pickeringgfaf@woodrow.org. If you’d like more information about the Pickering Undergraduate Fellowship Program, please email pickeringfaf@woodrow.org.

The Great Depression And President Roosevelt s New Deal

The 1930s, a time of great racial tension and segregation, is historically remembered for the Great Depression and President Roosevelt’s New Deal. Slavery had ended and the Ku Klux Klan started to become less popular; the struggle for African Americans, however, was not over. Racial segregation continued to thrive with half of African Americans out of work, their jobs given to whites who were struggling from the Great Depression (â€Å"Race During the Great Depression†). The New Deal, created to promote equality and produce jobs, was largely ineffective on the front of desegregation, doing little to help the black American community. One place that African Americans were able to prosper: jazz. However, even the jazz community itself was segregated. Racial prejudice came from both fronts: whites did â€Å"not want to mix socially with Negroes,† and black people believed that â€Å"when a Negro enters a White band, he loses his identity as a Negro musicianâ €  (â€Å"DownBeat Dodges the Racial Issue†). Benny Goodman, however, broke this barrier, initially in 1935 with the first interracial jazz performance, and again in his 1938 Carnegie Hall concert featuring black musicians. Benny Goodman’s career did not begin with the Trio’s 1935 performance; a clarinet player from a young age, Goodman started his professional career in 1925 as a member of the Ben Pollack Orchestra. During his time in the orchestra, he recorded his first solo on the song â€Å"He’s the Last Word.† In 1931, Benny Goodman beganShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression And President Roosevelt s New Deal894 Words   |  4 Pageshistorically remembered for the Great Depression and President Roosevelt’s New Deal, demonstrated a time of great racial tension and segregation in America. Slavery dissolved and the Ku Klux Klan became less popular; the struggle of African Americans, however, was not over. Racial segregation thrived wit h half of African Americans out of work, their jobs transfered to whites who were struggling from the Great Depression (â€Å"Race During the Great Depression†). The New Deal, created to promote equalityRead MoreTo What Extent Was The New Deal A Success? What Were Its Successes And Failures?1682 Words   |  7 Pages2 Professor Ojserkis 1 May 2017 To what extent was the New Deal a success? What were its successes and failures? The new deal was many programs issued by the US government to help the economy after the stock market crash of 1929. The new deal was issued because of the great depression and the new deal was a way to get out of the great depression. The great depression began in August 1929 and it lasted for about 10 years. â€Å"The Great Depression lasted from 1929 to 1939, and was the worst economic downturnRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt : An Effective American President And Leader1509 Words   |  7 PagesPresidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt Thesis: Franklin D. Roosevelt was an effective American president and leader. Franklin D. Roosevelt was a powerful leader and one of the most highly regarded presidents in American history. He connected well with American people, had a strong character, possessed a clear vision for America, had valuable political skills, and could lead people in challenging times. With recent development with radio technology, his democratic views had a great influence and he connectedRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt s President Of The United States1221 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt was the thirty-second president of the United States. He was also the first and last president to serve four terms. Next, to Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, FDR’s presidency was one of the most challenging presidencies in the history of the United States. Throughout his presidency, he faced extremely hard tasks and while facing them he had promised the people prompt, vigorous action, and he was assertive with his Inaugural Address. In 1929, the longest economic downturn in AmericanRead MoreThe Administration Of President Franklin D. Roosevelt1469 Words   |  6 Pagesadministration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt lasted from 1933-1945. His first term being between 1933-1937. His second and third term lasted between 1937-1945. Making him the president to serve the longest amount of time in office.Throughout his presidency, Roo sevelt was faced with many challenges on a national and global scale. The first and certainly one of the most difficult challenges that this administration faced was the Great Depression, left over from late 1929. The Great Depression, and laterRead More Down And Out In The Great Depression Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the 1920’s, America was a prosperous nation going through the â€Å"Big Boom† and loving every second of it. However, this fortune didn’t last long, because with the 1930’s came a period of serious economic recession, a period called the Great Depression. By 1933, a quarter of the nation’s workers (about 40 million) were without jobs. The weekly income rate dropped from $24.76 per week in 1929 to $16.65 per week in 1933 (McElvaine, 8). After President Hoover failed to rectify the recession situationRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt And The Great Depression1337 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough a duration of chaos and prosperity th at contributes to new knowledge, resources and innovations for a society. Periods of turmoil often give rise to an individual of power, who provides citizens with a sense of hope and security. The United States went through a severe period of chaos when the economy collapsed, compelling an abundant amount of individuals into poverty. This period during the early 1930’s is known as the Great Depression. Throughout this period, millions of citizens placed theirRead MoreThe Great Depression and the New Deal Essay example999 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Depression The Great Depression and the New Deal In response to the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt was ready for action unlike the previous President, Hubert Hoover. Hoover allowed the country to fall into a complete state of depression with his small concern of the major economic problems occurring. FDR began to show major and immediate improvements, with his outstanding actions during the First Hundred Days. He declared the bankRead MoreThe Great Depression By Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal Legislation1115 Words   |  5 PagesWhat do you think about when you hear The Great Depression? Some might say the worst economic time in the United States of America. The Great Depression was one of the longest and innermost economic downturn in the world of history between the years of 1929 and 1939. Also, The Great Depression led to the Federal Government having a more involved role in America s economy, this was done through the creation of Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal Legisl ation, which turned out to be effective becauseRead MoreFranklin Roosevelts New Deal1672 Words   |  7 Pagesevening, my friends†¦Ã¢â‚¬  echo audibly over the static and ambient noise, and the President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt informs the nation of his New Deal and planned solutions to the problems of post-Depression America. He speaks warmly and directly, addressing the American people â€Å"you† and himself â€Å"I†. Many people— unemployed or working, poor or wealthy, supporter or critic – listen attentively as the President enters and becomes the center of their homes solely through radio broadcasts The Great Depression And President Roosevelt s New Deal The 1930s, historically remembered for the Great Depression and President Roosevelt’s New Deal, demonstrated a time of great racial tension and segregation in America. Slavery dissolved and the Ku Klux Klan became less popular; the struggle of African Americans, however, was not over. Racial segregation thrived with half of African Americans out of work, their jobs transfered to whites who were struggling from the Great Depression (â€Å"Race During the Great Depression†). The New Deal, created to promote equality and produce jobs, proved largely ineffective on the front of desegregation, doing little to help the black American community. One place that African Americans were able to prosper: jazz. However, even the jazz community itself remained segregated. Racial prejudice came from both fronts: whites did â€Å"not want to mix socially with Negroes,† and blacks believed that â€Å"when a Negro enters a White band, he loses his identity as a Negro musicia n† (â€Å"DownBeat Dodges the Racial Issue†). Benny Goodman, however, broke this barrier, initially in 1935 with the first interracial jazz performance, and again in his 1938 Carnegie Hall concert featuring black musicians. Benny Goodman’s career did not commence with the Trio’s 1935 performance; a clarinet player from a young age, Goodman initiated his professional career in 1925 as a member of the Ben Pollack Orchestra. During his time with the orchestra, he recorded his first solo on the song â€Å"He’s the Last Word.† In 1931, BennyShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression And President Roosevelt s New Deal895 Words   |  4 Pages1930s, a time of great racial tension and segregation, is historically remembered for the Great Depression and President Roosevelt’s New Deal. Slavery had ended and the Ku Klux Klan started to become less popular; the struggle for African Americans, however, was not over. Racial segregation continued to thr ive with half of African Americans out of work, their jobs given to whites who were struggling from the Great Depression (â€Å"Race During the Great Depression†). The New Deal, created to promoteRead MoreTo What Extent Was The New Deal A Success? What Were Its Successes And Failures?1682 Words   |  7 Pages2 Professor Ojserkis 1 May 2017 To what extent was the New Deal a success? What were its successes and failures? The new deal was many programs issued by the US government to help the economy after the stock market crash of 1929. The new deal was issued because of the great depression and the new deal was a way to get out of the great depression. The great depression began in August 1929 and it lasted for about 10 years. â€Å"The Great Depression lasted from 1929 to 1939, and was the worst economic downturnRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt : An Effective American President And Leader1509 Words   |  7 PagesPresidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt Thesis: Franklin D. Roosevelt was an effective American president and leader. Franklin D. Roosevelt was a powerful leader and one of the most highly regarded presidents in American history. He connected well with American people, had a strong character, possessed a clear vision for America, had valuable political skills, and could lead people in challenging times. With recent development with radio technology, his democratic views had a great influence and he connectedRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt s President Of The United States1221 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt was the thirty-second president of the United States. He was also the first and last president to serve four terms. Next, to Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, FDR’s presidency was one of the most challenging presidencies in the history of the United States. Throughout his presidency, he faced extremely hard tasks and while facing them he had promised the people prompt, vigorous action, and he was assertive with his Inaugural Address. In 1929, the longest economic downturn in AmericanRead MoreThe Administration Of President Franklin D. Roosevelt1469 Words   |  6 Pagesadministration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt lasted from 1933-1945. His first term being between 1933-1937. His second and third term lasted between 1937-1945. Making him the president to serve the longest amount of time in office.Throughout his presidency, Roo sevelt was faced with many challenges on a national and global scale. The first and certainly one of the most difficult challenges that this administration faced was the Great Depression, left over from late 1929. The Great Depression, and laterRead More Down And Out In The Great Depression Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the 1920’s, America was a prosperous nation going through the â€Å"Big Boom† and loving every second of it. However, this fortune didn’t last long, because with the 1930’s came a period of serious economic recession, a period called the Great Depression. By 1933, a quarter of the nation’s workers (about 40 million) were without jobs. The weekly income rate dropped from $24.76 per week in 1929 to $16.65 per week in 1933 (McElvaine, 8). After President Hoover failed to rectify the recession situationRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt And The Great Depression1337 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough a duration of chaos and prosperity th at contributes to new knowledge, resources and innovations for a society. Periods of turmoil often give rise to an individual of power, who provides citizens with a sense of hope and security. The United States went through a severe period of chaos when the economy collapsed, compelling an abundant amount of individuals into poverty. This period during the early 1930’s is known as the Great Depression. Throughout this period, millions of citizens placed theirRead MoreThe Great Depression and the New Deal Essay example999 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Depression The Great Depression and the New Deal In response to the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt was ready for action unlike the previous President, Hubert Hoover. Hoover allowed the country to fall into a complete state of depression with his small concern of the major economic problems occurring. FDR began to show major and immediate improvements, with his outstanding actions during the First Hundred Days. He declared the bankRead MoreThe Great Depression By Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal Legislation1115 Words   |  5 PagesWhat do you think about when you hear The Great Depression? Some might say the worst economic time in the United States of America. The Great Depression was one of the longest and innermost economic downturn in the world of history between the years of 1929 and 1939. Also, The Great Depression led to the Federal Government having a more involved role in America s economy, this was done through the creation of Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal Legisl ation, which turned out to be effective becauseRead MoreFranklin Roosevelts New Deal1672 Words   |  7 Pagesevening, my friends†¦Ã¢â‚¬  echo audibly over the static and ambient noise, and the President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt informs the nation of his New Deal and planned solutions to the problems of post-Depression America. He speaks warmly and directly, addressing the American people â€Å"you† and himself â€Å"I†. Many people— unemployed or working, poor or wealthy, supporter or critic – listen attentively as the President enters and becomes the center of their homes solely through radio broadcasts

Motif of conscience and principle in AP - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1752 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2018/12/18 Category Literature Essay Type Book review Level High school Tags: Character Essay Customer Service Essay Motivation Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Conscience is the moral sense of right or wrong in a human being. It is perceived as the guide to someones behavior. It is the conscience of an individual that raises alarm when the person is doing wrong or right and helps the person to adjust accordingly. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Motif of conscience and principle in AP" essay for you Create order A principle on the other hand is a firm belief or rule that governs the attitude and behavior of an individual. Principles of a human being determine the character of the person. Conscience and principle are related in that the conscience of a person always reminds him or her of their principles. John Updikes AP has vividly demonstrated these two motifs. Sam visualizes that sticking to the morally right principles does not always lead to positive results as most people would expect. AP is narrated in the point of view of Sammy who tries to be a hero only to realize that heroes seldom get far in the modern world. Sammy is a cashier at AP and while at work identifies three beautiful ladies but their dress is a mess according to Sam and he is uneasy with them. He suspects one of them to be their leader whom due to romantic interest names Queenie. Sammys character of being opinionated doesnt allow him to hide his disdain for his older co-workers and he is not ashamed of his interest t o Queenie. Sammy can be described as an individual who is bored with life in the town of Massachusetts where he grew up and he longs to break free from the trappings of the society. Sammys voice is also explicitly humorous. When he first sees the girls, he cannot remember whether he has rung up the box of HiHo crackers under his hand. I ring it up again and the customer starts giving me hell. Shes one of these cash-register watchers, a witch about fifty with rouge on her cheekbones and no eyebrows, and I know it made her day to trip me up. Shes been watching cash registers for fifty years and probably never seen a mistake before. Sammys character greatly shows one who sticks to his principles. He is highly driven by conscience and this lands him between a rock and a hard place. In the beginning, he is humorous, sarcastic and has high self-esteem but in the end, he is disappointed, hopeless and stigmatized. Lengel reminds the girls that AP is not the beach and this hits Sammy l ike a blow though humorously. Back in the office all characters in Sammys language become animals. Lengel scuttles crablike into his office when he sees the girls the first time. All other customers group like sheep and pigs in a chute when they see chaos at the front register. The three girls according to him seem to buzz; the Queenie like queen bee and the other two buzz like drones around the queen. Sammys sweet voice, his humor and his categorical descriptions of the supermarket setting undercut the implicitly sentimental situation of the story. Lengels principles lead him to question the girls about their dress and they have a heated argument of the word ?decent. For instance, the word reverberates with socioeconomic import. Sammy boldly stands to defend the girls yet he had earlier shown that his attitude towards the dress code of the girls is similar to his. He put across that it is one thing to have a girl in bathing suit down the beach. Updikes AP has greatly achieved the motif of principles in how Sammy before seeing the girls is humorous, sarcastic and held in high self-esteem. When Sammy first sees the girls is uneasy because of the bath suits the girl are wearing. His conscience tells him that the kind of dress code they are in is not fit for the environment they are in. He cares how the other customers are going to think about the upbringing and character of these girls. Deep in his heart, he expects that everyone comprehends his principles and that they have similar principles and should therefore not make the mistake of coming to AP in bath suits. Lengel is another outstanding character who portrays sticking to his principles. Lengel the manager is privileged to encounter the girls as they are entering the AP and thanks to his moral principles that drive him to questioning the girls and he tells them that they are not at the beach. Although Sammy tries to defend the girls seriously, Lengel is not at all seemingly going to agree that it is rightful to come to AP in such a dress code. Sammy in an operation to hinder bathing-suit policies not only in AP grocers but also everywhere quits his job. This shows how he is stuck to his moral principles and how he is faithful to them. Everyone expects that he is going to be a hero and he himself believes in the same. Contra to his expectations, Sammy quits the job and joins the society that the girls are in. Being in the same society with these girls automatically would not promote his stand against no-bathing-suit but rather influence him in supporting the same and this causes the story to end in a gloomy mood for Sammy the protagonist. The three girls dressed in bathing-suit-clads walk to the grocery store confidently without fear since they have principles which do not allow them to notice they might be making. They have no shoes put on and their conscience does not deny them to walk to any public place. This alludes the immoral principles that have enslaved them. The girls seem to do anything they think is right according to them without considering their societal relationship. Their conscience isnt seemingly alerting them and this explains their character. They must have noticed they are sexually provoking but dont seem to care. Conscience on the other hand seems to be guiding most characters in the John Updikes AP. Sammy the main protagonist in the story greatly shows his emotions. Sammys conscience helps him visualize the poor dress code of the three girls. He would even start admiring the girls owing to the girls attractive nature and dress code. Sammy is eventually seen to quit his job to defend and uphold his principles. This decision is informed by Sammys conscience. Lenger the manager of the AP grocer on seeing the three girls in poor dress code does not conceal his emotions and his conscience causes him to utter his mind. He tells the girls off that the AP grocer is not a beach. Thanks to his conscience despite Sammys defense to the girls, Lenger is firm since he is cock sure that his conscience cant mislead him. It takes much confidence to tell the girls that they are dressed inappropriately but Lengers conscience does not allow him to bear the embarrassment and let the ladies make away with that. The three girls are other characters whose motif of conscience has been portrayed highly. The girls act like they have been deprived of their motif of conscience. It is common sense that it is not right to go to a public place half naked or without shoes. Not even a single society would tolerate that but the girls shamelessly go to an AP grocer in their bathing clad and they do not seem to care. The author uses these characters to show that not all peoples conscience is active in life. Anybody would have expected the girls to have changed before they left home informed by their conscience. Sammys decision of quitting job is informed by his conscience. He has an aim to curb the habit of indecent dress in public places and he thinks that quitting his job will help cease this habit little does he know that his efforts are in vain since he is going to the same society with the girls and would end up supporting them owing to the fact that he has interest in one of the girls whom he nicknamed Queenie. His conscience is right because if Lenger, his manager considers him and negotiates to return him to his job, he would be curbing the habit but the story ends in a cold mood where Sammy is sadly glaring at his boss without a glimpse of hope to get his job. Sammy taking off his apron and bow tie is another occasion where the motif of conscience is evident. Sammy takes off his apron and bow tie to show that he is quitting job. He is different from other workers who fail to report to work or boycott work activities or even influence others to a strike. His decision is not only dignified but also vividly shows his aggravated emotions. He has arrived at the decision after being guided by his conscience. From the beginning of the story, almost all the characters are principled. Starting from the main protagonist Sammy who in many incidences has a lot of things he does compelled by his principles can be referred to as the chief principled character. Despite the attractive nature of the girls, Sammy does not misbehave or reveal any evil thoughts with the girls. This shows his dignified and moral principles that he strictly adheres to. When Sammy quits job, Lengel tells him that he would feel the same disappointment even after quitting job. This is meant to intimidate him and discourage him from quitting the job but since Sammy is a man of principles, he remains firm and does not turn back. This alludes that Sammy is unshakeable as he comfortably quits the job which is enough prove that a person should stick to his principles come rain come sunshine. Conclusion Conscience and principle are key motifs used by the author to build his characters commencing with the main protagonist Sammy who is unshakeable. By quitting his job, he demonstrates believe and trust in his conscience. Lenger the AP grocer manager is another key character who is bold enough to tell off very attractive ladies due to their provocative dress code. This is least expected as mens weakness for half-naked ladies is so strong a desire to bear. He tells them that the AP grocer is not a beach and hence there is need to dress decently to show respect to other customers.

Birth Control vs. Contraception Free Essays

According to Kippley Kippley (1996), birth control is defined as a procedure of one or more medications, devices or actions followed so as to intentionally reduce or prevent the possibility of a woman being pregnant or giving birth. The term birth control is frequently used synonymously with such terms as contraception, family planning and fertility control. However, birth control includes abortion to prevent a birth, while family planning methods clearly do not consist of abortion. We will write a custom essay sample on Birth Control vs. Contraception or any similar topic only for you Order Now Methods that are meant to reduce or lessen the possibility of the fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon might be more particularly be called contraception. Contraception is different from abortion in that contraception prevents fertilization whereas abortion ends an already recognized pregnancy. Procedures of birth control that might prevent the implantation of an embryo if fertilization takes place are medically considered to be contraception but typified by several adversaries as abortifacients. Riddle (1999) said that oral contraceptive pill is considered to be the most popular kind of birth control. There are various brands of the pill and they come in packs of 21 or 28 pills. One pill is taken every day. The first 21 pills have a combination of synthetic estrogen and progesterone hormones. The oral contraceptive pill stops ovulation, stopping the ovaries from releasing eggs. Moreover, the pill likewise thickens cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm to enter the uterus. Then, the hormones in the pill prevent fertilization. The pill is 92-99. 7% effective as birth control. In addition, it does not protect against reproductive tract infections, including HIV/AIDS. Meanwhile, Riddle (1999) also maintained that condoms are called barrier methods of birth control because they put up a block, or barrier, which keeps the sperm from reaching the egg. Only latex or polyurethane (because some people are allergic to latex) condoms are proven to help protect against STDs, including HIV. HIV/AIDS Greener (2002) asserted that human immunodeficiency virus or HIV is considered as a retrovirus, which causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans wherein the immune system starts to fail causing life-threatening opportunistic infections. Infection with HIV happens by means of the transfer of semen, vaginal fluid, blood, Cowper’s fluid or breast milk. Within these body fluids HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. The three primary routes of transmission are unprotected sexual intercourse, contaminated needles and transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth or by way of breast milk. Screening of blood products for HIV in the developed world has largely get rid of transmission by means of infected blood products or blood transfusions. HIV has been discovered at low concentrations in the urine, tears, and saliva of infected humans; however, the risk of transmission by these secretions is insignificant. At present, there is no vaccine or cure for HIV or AIDS. The only recognized means of prevention is evading exposure to the virus. Nevertheless, an antiretroviral treatment, known as post-exposure prophylaxis is said to reduce or lessen the risk of infection if started instantly after exposure. Recent treatment for HIV infection includes highly active antiretroviral therapy, or HAART. This has been extremely beneficial to numerous HIV-infected individuals since its introduction in 1996, when the protease inhibitor-based HAART initially became available. Present HAART options are combinations (or â€Å"cocktails†) consisting of at least three drugs belonging to at least two types, or â€Å"classes,† of anti-retroviral agents. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), HIV infection is now pandemic. In fact as of January 2006, UNAIDS and the World Health Organization (WHO) approximate that AIDS has killed over 25 million individuals ever since it was first identified on December 1, 1981. This makes the disease one of the most destructive pandemics in recorded history. In fact, in the year 2005, AIDS claimed a projected 2. 4 to 3. 3 million lives of which over 570,000 were children. References Greener, R. (2002). â€Å"AIDS and macroeconomic impact†, S, Forsyth (ed. ): State of The Art: AIDS and Economics, IAEN, 49-55. Kippley, John, Sheila Kippley (1996). The Art of Natural Family Planning, 4th addition, Cincinnati, OH: The Couple to Couple League, 108-111,148. How to cite Birth Control vs. Contraception, Papers

The Shopping Values of Chinese Tourists Free Sample for Students

Question: What is the differences between Pre- and Post-Shopping Values, and Examine the Relationships between Shopping Values, Shopping Attributes, and Shopping tourists Satisfaction. Answer: Introduction Shopping has become one of the most important reasons why tourists go to South Korea. Previous research has proven that indeed, shopping can be an avenue of enjoyment and relaxation for people. In South Korea, shopping means that there is a booming business for entrepreneurs who are out to take advantage of the Chinese tourists, who are more affluent today. The research will try to establish the reasons behind pre shopping and post shopping value. Of particular interests will be factors such as shopping values, attributes, pleasures, and satisfaction. This will help in coming up with a measure of tourist perceptions of shopping satisfaction, and establish a mechanism for doing so in future. To better appreciate the variables at play, it must be understood that shopping experiences vary from time to time and person to person and very much depends on the environment of shopping, individual values on shopping, and behavior of the shoppers, as well as other people involved in the shopping chain. This means that, while shoppers shop for products that they actually need, they also need to satisfy their urges by shopping. The shoppers should feel the usefulness and aim of their shopping balancing both pleasures above everything else even pain. This would eventually lead them to getting so much pleasure out of the shopping and even the touring of the beautiful sites in the country. This refers to the utilitarian and hedonism characteristics of shopping. Problem Statement and Hypothesis The importance of shopping tourism means that this is a need for research on what works on customers, to leave them more satisfied, and even see more coming. The research paper intends to present ideas on how pre shopping and post shopping value differences can be bridged, as well as the relationship between these perceptions and shopping attributes. Knowing this will help shopping outlets to align their goods and services to the needs of the customer whether its preferences or desires. The purpose of the paper is to interrogate the difference between pre shopping and post shopping values of the Chinese. The hypothesis is: There is a positive relationship between post shopping value and tourists satisfaction. Theoretical framework Chinese tourists are willing to get out of their country and go for Shopping in South Korea. This reflects the perception that South Koreas products must be of very high quality, and that the tourists are likely to get what they need. Similarly, tourists are also keen to ensure that they get value for money. This is in line with the utilitarian theory, which would imply that Chinese tourists are in South Korea for shopping because of the value they get from the countrys products. The other major interesting thing about shopping in South Korea is that, there is ease of price comparison, product comparison, and even research as you tour one place after another. While this is the case, tourists may also go to South Korea because they feel this will interest them, and make them happy thereby satisfied. As a way of relaxation, they will go shopping, regardless of the value of the things they buy, or whether they even need or want these things. This is hedonism. The shoppers may even go to South Korea as a statement of their status. Status makes people place themselves in a certain category of lifestyle and must be constantly upheld and even shown off. The post shopping value and attributes should, therefore, consider this factor too. Effect of the environment Value is key to consumer behavior. Value is a factor of several factors, which include the price that a product is offered at, the time and money spent to get the product, besides the actual price, and other exigencies. The overall perception of the whole business of shopping is key in determining whether the customer sees value in the product. Shopping value is also related to consumer behaviour. This, in turn, generates loyalty and satisfaction of the customer. According to Oliver (1997), consumer value is dependent on the service environment, which thereby informs satisfaction and future intentions to buy hence loyalty. Shopping - Objectivity and Subjectivity According to Holbrook (2006), shopping experiences are aimed at producing both utilitarian and hedonic values in the shopper. A consumer, who consciously reviews products, examines their suitability for the task or person he has in mind, capability to perform its intended task and decides to buy or not to buy is appealing to the utilitarian urge, whereby he does not attach any emotional significance to the task at hand. Instead, the shopper will employ rational analysis and seek to fulfil a specific task in shopping. On the other hand, the shopper may also be in attaching emotional value to shopping experiences. The person will feel entertained, and will not be subjective in shopping. This shopper will fill contained with the outcome of the satisfaction from whatever they would be shopping for. This is the personal side of shopping, which may eventually determine the difference between different shoppers. Turner and Reisinger (2001) look at the phenomenon of customer satisfaction through other avenues. They believe that besides the hedonism and utilitarian reasoning behind shopping, shoppers are also greatly affected by shopping attributes. The attributes include things like various selections of products, good prices, up to date innovative products and flexible services. The results indicate shopping enjoyment, prices, convenience, durability and selection of services are influential in shopping mode decisions. For instance, the quality of the shopping experience how pleasant a store is, for instance, is a major determinant, as is the question of the price. The price does not have to be low or high to appeal to customers, but sometimes, customers tend to attach the price to quality, and therefore believe that they are getting good value from being able to buy from a store which is highly priced. The shopping environment, besides the store, also informs satisfaction. How pleasant staff assistants are, diversity of products at a store, for instance, will be enough to tilt a customers perception about their feeling of satisfaction. When a shopper feels that they are appreciated and respected by the sellers or shop attendants, their perception about buying something also changes. With this in mind, tourists who go to South Korea from china are likely to attach more post shopping value to their experiences if they feel that their experiences are of high quality, and worth the money, and time spent on the exercise (Bissell, 2008). As Bissell finds in his research, so does Turlet and Milliman (2000) opine in their research on the impact of the store in determining satisfaction, and hence, post shopping value that consumers attach to shopping. Shop owners and managers play close attention to how their stores look. They renovate them to make shopping easier and faster and with well-marked and indicated categories of whatever they are offering to their shops. This instead makes things easier to identify using well visible signs, and employ technology to make the whole exercise easy and convenient for the shopper. This has been found to have a strong influence on how shoppers perceive their experiences since it will not be time consuming. While this may be argued to be utilitarian in nature, it also has hedonistic influences as well. Customers are willing to forego other things such as price discounts, so that their shopping experience is less stressful. The layout of the store as discussed above does include the packaging and promotion of the product. This is another element of the race to satisfy the customer, altogether. People who are out to enjoy shopping will favor a more direct approach to shopping physically, and at the best place they can find and afford. This informs Chinese shoppers tendency to pick South Korea over other places, even in their own countries (Oliver, 1997). Politics and the Economy Tourists from China to South Korea are not only trying to fulfill their urges, or to find the best buy. For instance, many of the products that Chinese tourists but in South Korea are readily available all over china, and even in other countries close by. China is also home to world renowned shopping malls, and historical sites which serve as to attract thousands of thousands of tourists to the country. The Chinese urge to go to Korea is therefore a factor of other factors as well. In recent years, relations between Korea and China have improved. The two countries share a common past and circumstances, though they may be ideologically different. Chinese tourists may not have been able to visit Korea previously since they lived in a country that frowned upon any positive relations with Korea. While they are still not in the best of terms in this respect, political tensions drastically eased over the years, making the phenomena being witnessed today to be possible in the first place. At the same time, Chinese tourists have not always had the means to go shopping in a foreign country. The increase in tourists to South Korea from China is therefore a clear sign of the changing economic and political realities in this region (Hancock, 2017). In view of the above, it is clear that hedonism is a far greater motivator for tourists going to South Korea. They may not be there for the quality, but for the positive feeling of being able to go shopping in a country they previously would not afford to visit, or would have been restricted (Hancock, 2017). Demographics and social factors In addition to the analysis on politics and economic status, the youth of tourists to South Korea is also a telling. Many of the tourists who opt to for to South Korea f or shopping are young working professional, who feel that they can afford the trip, and that it will be an enjoyable experience. For the South Korean entrepreneur therefore, the prospect of handling tourists from China should be grounded well in the ability to deal with young, confident and affluent shoppers, who are there not just for the goods and services, but also for the thrill of shopping outside their country (Huang, 2017). The reasons why Chinese shoppers have opted for South Korea and not other countries is also grounded on other factors. Japan, Australia, Singapore and even Hong Kong are highly advanced economies, just like South Korea. The countries may offer similar experiences, and are not even far away, in a way that would justify the overwhelming traffic to Korea. Rather, the affinity for South Korea is driven by the close and similar cultural ties and demography between the two countries. Chinese tourists and the government may feel more at ease with friendly relations with South Korea, than other countries in the region, with which they are not very close in political or social terms (Huang, 2017). Eventually political, economic, social familiarity puts the Chinese in the South Korea radar. Other factors Tourism in South Korea is not insulated against the political happenings of the day. For instance, the South Korea and China are on the opposite sides in their relations with the United States. In recent times, South Korea and the United States have conducted military campaigns that are closely tied with the two countries past posture as rivals to China. Therefore, when the United States decides to deploy missiles in South Korea that, could be used to hit China as well. China was worried and decided to persuade South Korea not to permit this. In order to do so, the country has decided to halt the numbers of Chinese tourists who go to South Korea (Maesak, 2016; Xiang, 2016). South Korea is highly dependent on Chinese tourists for its tourism sector. The tourists also help in driving its consumer economy forward, due to the large number of tourists who go there primarily to shop. The political tensions between the two countries therefore constitute larger problems in some instances, than the individual reasons which determine whether shoppers give them business or not (Maesak, 2016). The economic boom that has been so good for Korea is also returning to haunt it in several ways. For instance, tourists to South Korea from china are under increasing economic strain due to the slow economic growth. This has negatively affected tourists to the country. South Korea has over the years also been losing tourists to other countries, which are able to match, if not surpass, what South Korea offers Chinese tourists. This will mean that in the future, South Korea will have to do more to ensure that it retains its market share, through refined product offering to Chinese tourists (Maesak, 2016). Research design The research design will be based on an extensive review of the literature, using a set of tools that will only result in high-quality evidence of the task at hand. This will involve the use of reputable websites, questionnaires, peer- reviewed journal articles and books that are written by acclaimed authors and experts in the industry. Using this strategy, it will be possible to collect the necessary data and use it to test the hypothesis. The Sage Research Methods database will be used to source quality material for use in the research. Due to the nature of the study, convenience sampling will be used. This method of sampling is used when not all sources are available for analysis, forcing the researcher to only use the available sources. In using these sources, it will be prudent to pay strict attention to the information detailed above, in the research design. The sampling will, therefore, be done along the lines discussed in the literature review, and also based on the availability of the data. The information collected will be analyzed for relevance and objectivity, especially if it is not sourced from peer reviewed journals. Instruments The internet will be extensively used to collect the necessary information. Some high-quality databases such as Cochrane and Sage, as well as Elsevier, have been earmarked to utilization during this process. There will be no other methods used to collect data, o that the research can be uniform, and collect quality data. At the same time, selection of sources will not be random, but systematic to avoid irrelevant information being included in the study. Data analysis and interpretation After data has been analyzed for relevance to the study, it will be further analyzed for relevance, using the already stated hypothesis, it will then be interpreted, to either validate or nullify the hypothesis. The connection between the dependent variable and the independent variables will be extensively analyzed using the data. In other instances during the literature review, it has been found that some variables have a connection with each other, as well as the dependent variable. For instance, economic growth and political environment are closely related. This will also be reviewed. Conclusion There are several factors which affect the pre and post shopping perceptions for Chinese shoppers in South Korea. The satisfaction of these shoppers is down to a few factors, which are usually based on utilitarianism, and in other cases, hedonism. At the same time, China and South Korea are closely tied together by culture, politics and economic realities. Several tourists who go to South Korea from China go to but quality things that may be harder to obtain at home. These products may also not be easily accessible in the region, and at the cost they can be secured with in South Korea. Tourists however go to enjoy themselves in South Korea. The shopping experience is pleasurable for some, and a social status statement. These tourists may be able to get similar or even better products at less cost they secure them for in South Korea. There may be even several other places to get the same goods, but the tourists are more interested in the adventure of shopping. Besides these, tourist flow from china is dependent on economic and political issues between the two countries, which may sometimes prevent tourist flow between the two countries. References Bissell, D. (2008). Comfortable bodies: Sedentary affects. Environment and Planning, 40,1697-1712. Chebat, J., Michon, R. (2003). Impact of ambient odors on mall shoppersemotions, cognition, and spending. Journal of Business Research, 56,529-539. Cal, B., Adams, R. (2014). The Effect of Hedonistic and Utilitarian Consumer Behavior on Brand Equity: Turkey UK Comparison on Coca Cola. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 150 (15), 475-484. Hancock, T. (2017). Chinese tourism to South Korea booms despite missile shield spat. Retrieved 04 09, 2017, from ft.com: https://www.ft.com/content/4238e354-d3dc-11e6-9341-7393bb2e1b51 Holbrook, M. B. (2006). Consumption experience, customer value, and subjective personal introspection: An llustrative photographic essay. Journal of Business Research, 59, 714-725. Huang, E. (2017). China is trying to punish South Korea by keeping its tourists away. Retrieved 04 09, 2017, from qz.com: https://qz.com/923890/china-retaliates-against-thaad-antimissile-system-and-bans-tourism-to-south-korea/ Kaul, S. (2007). Hedonism and Culture: Impact on Shopping behaviour - a Research Agenda. Vikalpa , 32 (3), 81-89. Keating, B., Kriz, A. (2008). Outbound Tourism from China: Literature review and research agenda. Journal of Hospitality and OTurism Management , 15 (1), 32-41. Nasolomampionona, R. (2014). Profile of Chinese Outbound Tourists: Characteristics and Expenditures. American Journal of Tourism Managmeent , 3 (1), 17-31. Nili, M. e. (2013). Impacts of Utilitatian and hedonistic valuesof online shopping on preferences and intentions of consumers. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences , 2 (5), 82-92. Maesak, D. (2016). South Korea Looks Beyond China for Future Tourism Growth. Retrieved 04 09, 2017, from jingdaily.com: https://jingdaily.com/south-korea-looks-beyond-china-future-tourism-growth/ Turley, W. L., Milliman, E. R. (2000). Atmosphere effects of shopping behavior: A review of the experimental evidence. Journal of Business Research, 49, 193-211. Oliver, R. L. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. New York:McGraw-Hill. Rapoport, A. (1977). Human Aspects of Urban Form: . Oxford: Pergamon Press. Rybakovas, E. (2014). Cause-effect Relationships Between Objective and Subjective Measures of Quality of Life in Lithuania Municipalities. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 156, 83-87. Zhang, G. (2011). Green Book of China's Tourism 2011. Beijing: SSAP.

The Relationship between Native Americans and Christians

Introduction The relationship between Christianity and Native Americans has been a matter of great debate for many years. This topic has been explored in many short stories written by Americans. Among the many stories on this subject, the best example is by Louise Erdrich titled Saint Marie and another is by Leslie Marmon Silko titled The Man to Send Rain Clouds.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship between Native Americans and Christians specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the two stories, the writers have discussed the topic in a way that leaves no doubt as to the nature of the relationship between Christianity and Native Americans. In The Man to Send Rain Clouds, the Christians are tolerant towards the Native Americans but the opposite is the case in Saint Marie. (Silko; Erdrich) In Leslie Marmon Silko’s story, there is a clear picture of the life lived by Native Americans. From the moment w hen the story opens, we are confronted with rituals, which seem to have been the order of the day. In the story, Ken and Leon have gone to find their grand father whom they already suspect to be dead. Just to make sure that they have everything needed to perform the ritual, the two brothers have taken the time to pack some feathers and paint which they use to decorate the old man’s hair. By tying the feather in the old man’s hair, painting his forehead with different colors, throwing corn meal in to the wind then painting his nose, the brothers hope that the old man will be able to send them rain. While all this rituals are performed, we do not see any sign of Christianity featuring anywhere. Immediately after the ritual that is meant to ensure that their grandfather sends them rain, we are able to see the first relationship between Christianity and Native Americans. When the brothers are taking their grandfather home, the brothers meet Father Paul who gestures for the m to stop. In the ensuing conversation, one is able to realize that there is respect between the two parties. To begin with, the virtue of the brothers agreeing to stop the car to chat with the priest is in itself an act of respect. Although the brothers do not necessarily agree with the priest, they are courteous in their conversation with him. This courtesy is seen when the priest castigates them for leaving Teofilo to stay out in the sheep camp alone. Instead of rebuking him for meddling in other people’s affairs, the brothers politely answer that â€Å"No, he won’t do that any more now.† (Silko)Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This relationship is also seen in the way the gravediggers begin doing their work after â€Å"the church bells rang the Angelus.† (Silko)This good relationship is further exhibited as the people head to the grave when Lou ise seems bothered about the absence of a priest in the burial. This thing keeps on bothering her until she decides to confide in Leon. Despite the many rituals that the family has undertaken, Louise feels it is important for the â€Å"priest to sprinkle holy water for Grandpa. So he won’t be thirsty.† (Silko) Despite Louise being the person who comes up with this proposal, the same thing seems to have been in Leon’s mind since he does not object to the request. Instead, the only answer he gives is â€Å"I’ll see if he’s there.† In fact, everyone seems to accept this arrangement since no one objects the presence of the priest in the graveyard. This good relationship between Christianity and Native Americans is further exhibited in the way the priest receives the request of Leon. When the priest is told of the old man’s death, all that he asks is â€Å"Why didn’t you tell me he was dead? I could have brought the Last Rites anyw ay.† (Silko)This shows that the family not being practicing Christians did not bother the priest. Although the priest at first refused to honor the summon since there had not been called to perform the Last Rites and a Funeral Mass, he later agreed to the request. As he poured the water in the grave, memories of such a ritual almost came back into the priests mind. In a strange way, the priest seems to concur with the family that the water would make the old man not to experience thirst something that pushes him â€Å"shakes the container until it is empty.† Despite the numerous rituals that the family has undertaken, Leon only believes it is the priest’s water that had the ability to make the â€Å"old man send them big thunderclouds for sure.† (Silko) Although there seems to have been a good relationship between Native Americans and Christians in The Man to Send Rain Clouds, the case is not the same in Saint Marie. From the moment the story begins, every side seems to be fighting to discredit the other. Through Marie, we get to understand that whatever it is that the Natives did was not done from a pure heart. While the characters in The Man to Send Rain Clouds seemed to believe in the God of the Christians, the same is not true with characters in Saint Marie. Right from the start, Marie who is used as a representation of the Dark One has a sole purpose of ensuring that the â€Å"nuns stoop down off their high horse to kiss† her toenails. (Erdrich)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship between Native Americans and Christians specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While Father Paul uses persuasion to convince the Native Americans to join the church, the nuns in Saint Marie led by Leopolda use threats and brutality to achieve this purpose. In fact, Leopolda seems to have been so brutal such that even revelers at the local pub had to erect a poplar sta nd to ensure that there was no holy witness to their fall. This is different from Father Paul who coexisted with the locals in a very peaceful manner. Marie likens Leopolda’s attempt to get the locals to join the church to the viciousness exhibited by a Walleye when it is about to strike. (Erdrich) While Father Paul minds his own business and is willing to welcome anyone in the church, Sister Leopolda uses a â€Å"long oak pole† to drive Satan from the midst of her students. Instead of welcoming Marie in a polite manner when she decides to join the Convent, Sister Leopolda literally throws her bundle in the corner and tells her â€Å"You’ll be sleeping behind the stove.† (Erdrich) This is unlike Father Paul who is overjoyed wherever the natives decide to pay him a visit. By analyzing the two stories, it becomes clear that while the relationship between Native Americans and Christianity was good, it could get nasty at times as witnessed in Saint Marie. Con clusion The relationship between Christianity and Native Americans has been a topic of discussion among American authors for a long time. Among the authors who have discussed this topic in a deep way are Louise Erdrich and Leslie Marmon Silko whose stories titled Saint Marie and The Man to Send Rain Clouds respectively are regarded as the best examples explaining this relationship. By closely reading the stories, one is able to realize that this relationship was good but at other times, it could get nasty as witnessed in the relationship between Sister Leopolda and Marie. Works Cited Erdrich, Lousie. Saint Marie, 1984. Web. http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/erdrich/stmarie.htmAdvertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Silko, Leslie. The Man to Send Rain Clouds, n.d. Web. This essay on The Relationship between Native Americans and Christians was written and submitted by user Bryce Silva to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Signifigance of world war 2 in essays

Signifigance of world war 2 in essays Following several years of tension the Second World War came about in September 1939 following Germanys invasion of Poland and war declared on them by Britain and France. It was to become the most destructive war in history resulting in millions of deaths. With so much of the fighting taking place in Europe it was to have a profound affect on each of the countries on the continent. However the case of the Island of Ireland was to prove one of the most interesting. Since 1921 the Island had been divided into the Dominion Free Sate and the six counties of Northern Ireland retained under the union. As part of the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland immediately entered the war on the British side. From the beginning their Prime Minister, Craig insisted the Unionists Wished to play their part, stating in February 1940 We are the Kings men and we shall be with you till the end . The Free State Government did not share his view. As early as February 1939 De Valera had declared it was his intention to preserve our Neutrality in the event of war. Therefore when war became a reality both Dil and Senate agreed for the Free State to remain Neutral and an Emergency Powers Act was passed giving the Government total power to secure public safety. Neutrality could be considered proof of Independence and across the border too Craig was showing Unionist allegiance to Britain. Robert Fisk identifies this in his book In Time of War. Both parts of Ireland were seeking to define their opposing territorial status within the context of the greatest European conflict in modern times. The Free States position was aided by the return of the Treaty Ports form Britain in 1938. Without this Neutrality would have been difficult, if not impossible. De Valera was to ignore repeated British calls for their use. This stance served greatly to increase the im...

Final questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final questions - Essay Example This space was small and at the rear of the skull in quadrapedal animals. It moved a little forward and grew to about 6 times the earlier one for knuckle walkers, like gorillas. For bipedal animals it moved even further forward and nearly doubles in size. This makes sense, as the place where the spinal column enters the skull would govern the angle at which the head is carried (Howells 77-205). Lucy from Oldivai Gorge in South Africa is the most complete skeleton of this genus, which walked upright and may have used very simple tools. It probably lived in trees, but hunted or scavenged on the ground, as the curvature of fingers and toes indicates it could climb trees. The pelvis in the female is the same as modern man. The long forehead slopes at about 45 degrees from the bony ridge over the eyes, and there is no real chin. Two sets of footprints preserved by volcanic action and found by Mary Leakey show human toes, and they prove that Australopithecus Afarensis walked on two feet ha bitually, though the placement of feet show a more splayed gait and suggests that this ape was not quite upright ("Early Human Evolution: Early Transitional Humans."). One of the difficulties with the fossil records is that there is no way of knowing how many species exhibiting changes came between one recovered fossil and the next. This is why there is disagreement about exactly where the branches might be. Without DNA evidence it is not possible to know for sure which hominid is the ancestor of which others. Even with DNA evidence it would not be certain, as it would requires some from all the fossils in the line. Australopithecus Africanus followed next. However, it is not certain where homo branched off. It could have been from Aferensis, Africanus, Robustus or even a separate Paranthropus Robustus. All of these were inhabiting the same area as contemporaries. There might even have been interbreeding, which would indicate that the breeds were not really separate. The Robustus de finitely had larger bones and brain cavity, and it seems to have gone extinct. That leaves either Afarensis or Africanus as being separate lines or branching to Australopithecus Bahrelghazali which then branched to Homo. Only lower jaw bones have been found thus far, but the dentition puts this species closer to Homo than the others. There may have been other branches of Australopithecus, but there is not enough fossil evidence that they were around very long before going extinct. Cross breeding could also have eliminated some differences ("Hominidae_filogenia.png (PNG Image, 1025 ? 979 pixels)."). So me theorists eliminate all of these australopithecines from the homo line of ancestry, believing that homo lines branched off independently from either Ardipithecus Ramidus or A. Garhi. However, one might question this based upon the lack of fossils and the latest find in Georgia on the Black Sea of five Homo Habilis types with a great deal of variation among them. It is possible they are all one species with variation, just as we have today. Speciation generally includes an inability to procreate successfully between species. A recent discovery of what seems to be a new species of Australopithecus, A. Garhi, in Ethiopia is a candidate for early human. This illustration shows the pitifully few pieces that have been found, and the Georgian discovery makes it worth further investigation before ascribing

Education Plan for Fourth Grade Class Assignment

Education Plan for Fourth Grade Class - Assignment Example About five percent are reading below grade level and approximately 10 percent are reading above their grade level; there are a few children with diagnosed learning disabilities who have been mainstreamed. There are three fourth grade classes that will join together for the unit on history and we have chosen to study World War II with special emphasis on the Holocaust. The curriculum will work to make the events of the Holocaust relevant to the children. 1. Type of Curriculum Harriet Sepinwall states that John Goodlad created five types of curricula that are suitable for teaching fourth graders about the Holocaust. The five curricula are: ideal, formal, perceived, operational and experimental. The operational design is what has been chosen for this educational plan. The operational classroom speaks to the function of the classroom and what is actually being done. The curriculum is â€Å"defined and assessed by lesson plans, observational reports, and videotapes of instructional situa tions† (Sepinwall 4). By using this type of curriculum it will allow students to be immersed in the Holocaust in order to make it more relevant to them. Activities will include reading, drawing, group work and group reading. 2. Goals for the Curriculum We were able to purchase 51 books about World War II and/or the Holocaust. The objective of our program is to use the story of the Holocaust to teach about tolerance, respect for differences, and to help children understand prejudice. Some of our goals include: 1. Students will read books that include the feelings and emotions of children and adults who experienced the Holocaust. 2. To talk about the Holocaust and WWII as they pertain to prejudice and people who were different. 3. To help children identify situations today that are similar to what the Jews experienced during that time. 4. To discuss how children in school are treated and mistreated and talk about what could be done about those children who are mistreated. 3. Act ivities Because we will have four classes coming together to learn about this time in history, we have planned both online and offline activities. As an example, we will start by talking to students about the Holocaust and what it was and how it fit into World War II. Children will read several stories during the course of two weeks from our new library of books and they will present short reports about what they read. We will discuss the information presented in terms of what happens today in similar situations. We will create literature circles so that children can talk about these experiences and they will learn about the Jewish experience and gain more knowledge about WWII and how it is relevant to the Holocaust. We will have the children look at a world map and find where these activities took place. Children will also talk about Hitler and how he came to power and how he lost. Another topic that will come up will be freedom. We will talk about freedom and how we experience fre edom today and what would happen if those freedoms were taken away. Although we would like to take the children to the Holocaust Museum, we are not sure whether this will be a possibility with the school’s budget. An alternative plan is to take them to the museum website because there is a lot of information to read and discuss. We can also take the children on a virtual tour of the Anne Frank house with important information about what happened there (one of the books we

The Challenges Faced By An Organisation

The Challenges Faced By An Organisation Organization is a place where number of people work with each other to achieved a mutual Goal and Management is interested in an organization mainly from an instrumental point of view. For a company, organization is a means to an end to achieve its goals, which are to create value for its stakeholders (stockholders, employees, customers, suppliers, community). Therefore Management behaviour can be describe in terms of structure Culture In which the relationship between management structure and culture and its effect on business performance should be analyze very carefully to sustain the Organization growth and its development. Now for improving organizations overall effectiveness is a constant key objective for all executives so that organization will benefit significantly through: -Increased productivity -Faster decision making -Less internal conflict Organizational effectiveness stems from the organization being able to do the things it   Needs to do with minimum use of resource. In fact not doing things that dont need to be done   is perhaps the single biggest contribution to becoming truly effective. Making Tasks simpler so there is less work, avoiding mistakes so that there is no rework, quality systems to get things done consistently, training to enable a task to be done quicker are all examples.   However,   the organisation doesnt   become more effective spontaneously.   It requires time,   effort, know  ­how   and will.   Individuals,   particularly those with management   responsibilities need to have the skills and competencies to analyse what is going on, to propose solutions to problems,   and implement the changes in the workplace and to have the confidence that   consistent   long-term improvement   is what   will make the organisation competitive.   If the gains in effectiveness are not to be eroded the whole process needs to be set in a culture of continuous improvement so that each improvement builds on its predecessors and is not lost just as easily as it was gained through apathy or through attention shifting elsewhere. Refer to the case study of Barclays banks when there is an acquisition with Lehman Brothers in September 2008 Barclays had to face number of hurdles and problems to overcome Organizational Behavior of the Lehman Brother but without an effective measures and decision making it would not be organized and successful acquisition so to understand the important part of Management theories for Organizational Behavior we have to understand effective management behavior that grouped into 6 management qualities. Values new Ideas: Effective Management can be through when we give importance and respect to new ideas present by the employees and give them rewards for this and let the employee try new, potentially better methods for an organizational growth. Values Others View: This includes Involve sub ordinates in important decisions, take time to listen and understand, provides feedback when subordinates shares ideas Appreciate Differences among others: Recognizes that individuals needs and abilities differ, Values the experiences and perspectives of people from diverse backgrounds 4) Takes Action to Solve Problems and Conflicts Takes steps to improve bad relationships, Takes action to resolve interpersonal conflicts, Finds win/win solutions, Learns from his/her mistakes, Sorts essential from unimportant information 5) Communicates Expectations Communicates what he/she expects to be accomplished, Provides understandable performance data 6) Principled Maintains consistency between words and actions, Models the behavior he/she expects from others, Recruits and promotes fairly regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, or age The above mentioned 6 qualities are used to make an Organization effective. In case of Barclays Acquisition they started to implement this technique to boost the employee performance and to make them believe that they are still very attached with the organization and have a same respect as it was in Lehman Brothers. Barclays find out number of key organizational behavior issues with the acquisition like Integration, Organizational Culture of Both Barclays and Lehmans and Motivation. EXAMPLE REATED TO EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT U. S. Network Appliance Inc. (NetApp), founded in 1992, has been an industry leader in networked storage solutions. Since its inception, the founder of NetApp great importance for the development of a healthy work environment and friendly staff the company. Emphasis was placed on trust and integrity, team spirit and ambition to reach higher goals. The company had a policy of openness, flexible working hours and offer a host of other benefits for their employees. The company is employee-friendly policies have been recognized by leading magazines as one of the best places to work. For the year 2009, NetApp ranked first in the list of 100 Best Companies to Work For by Fortune magazine. In January 2009 ranked U. S. Network Appliance Inc. (NetApp), a leading solution for network storage company, No. 1 on the list of 100 Best Companies to Work For, Fortune magazine had 4. The position of the company significantly the 14 th in 2008 (see annex I for a list of 15 of the 100 Best Companies to Work For in 2009) improved. The list was compiled by Great Place to (TMP) for work on behalf Institute5 Fortune magazine. According to GPW NetApp is a serious matter. Serious about customer service to compete seriously with serious and that a large work area. In 2009, NetApp # 1 Best Company to Work for in America is was established after investigations GPW, the 528 companies with new jobs in 2008, replacing an increase of around 12% 0.7 With this, NetApp INC8 Google, which held the title for two consecutive years 2007 and 2008. Occasionally, Dan Warmenhoven, CEO of NetApp, We are delighted and honored to be in the top of the prestigious list of Fortune. Our employees are the heart of our society and the strength of our global culture. values of the culture that teamwork, productivity, leadership and innovation We help clients create more discoveries to retain the best talent and deliver superior returns for our shareholders. I am very proud of what we have achieved and what the value of our employees every day: a shared workspace successfully NetApp personnel policies on the welfare of employees. Policies on the development of healthy and motivated employees. AfterGwen McDonald (McDonald), Vice-president, Human Resources,NetApp, We are clear that our people are our cornerstone of our success is actually taught by our leaders, both in terms of what we say and do.. NetApp Management believes that customers who do business with the value proposition of the companys corporate culture is measured. When the culture was strong enough that customers would be attracted to be inclined to establish business relations with the company of others. Emphasizes this fact, NetApp staff about the unique culture of the educated workforce. NetApp staffs have always been motivated by the words of appreciation and were aware that they were valued in society. There were several awards and recognition programs structured to recognize the contributions of personnel in various areas. Among them was the share of rewards program, which involves an incentive program to encourage employees to share their knowledge. It is now clear that the importance of an effective organization. Say, if an organization is effective is not certain to survive in this era of competition, losing to determine the reason. Therefore, the organization ineffective. INEFFECTIVE ORGANIZATION Such an organization will be termed as effective organization as its members do not work for organizations goals. The behavioral approach establishes a direct relationship between integration of organizational and individual goals and organizational effectiveness. It should, however, be noted that organizational effectiveness is not the result only of integration of two goals, rather are a lot of other variables affecting it. But still we can say, that as human factor is one of them important and the only active factor integrating other factors in the organization. This analysis holds good from management of organization point of view. For example in an organization where number of employees compete with each other not in positive manners his could affect directly to the organization as if individuals are not align in a proper positive direction then the organization will definitely face a great Obstacles, Now to manage all this things we understand that human factor is one of the most important and viable factor to see within an organization and should be managed properly, As in the case study of Barclays we discussed in the class we have seen that how employees were managed because of their importance in their organization and to retain them and to make them happier how Barclays made strategies to cope up that situation of successful integration. So we have to closely analyze that what factors affect organizational effectiveness. OBSTACLES / FACTORS AFFECTING ORGANISATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS AND ITS PERFORMANCE: This is a very important and difficult task for the manager, who is analyzing the organization, is to identify the factors underlying organizational effectiveness. The major set of factors or variables that potentially have their influence on effectiveness are: 1. Organizational characteristics 2. Environmental characteristics 3. Employee characteristics 4. Managerial policies and practices. For example Barclays acquisition with Lehman brother would have definitely affect organization as above factors affect a lot as both companies have different Organizational Characteristic, Environmental characteristics, Employee characteristics and also Managerial policies and practices. Organizational characteristics which affect the effectiveness are of two types: 1. Organizational structure and 2. Technology Organizational structure influences the effectiveness in the following ways: Structure in terms of functional specialization, size centralization of decision making and even formalization is likely to increase productivity and efficiency. Job satisfaction of the employees is also related to the organizational structure, equitable division of work and delegation or authority and responsibility and proper direction are likely to generate the feeling of satisfaction among people at work. Technology and organizational structure are interrelated. The type of technology determines the nature and structure of Organization, Change of technology will require a lot of changes in the organization in the form of: a. Change in operation e.g. from labor-intensive to capital intensive b. Shifting of employees to either different departments within the same factory or to some other factory of the organization. c. Change in span of control d. Creating of new and winding up of the few departments. e. Change in them materials which are used f. Retraining and provision of more knowledge about the latest technology to the workers. If the organization fails to change the structure according to needs of technology, it will never prove to be effective. needs of technology and it will never prove to be effective. Environmental Characteristic Management should have experts who will suggest adjustments which are to be made in the organizational set up to comply with environmental changes. 1. External environment 2. Internal environment Employee Characteristics Human factor is the most important factor which influences the goal achievement of organizations. If there is a close integration among the individual and organizational goals, the organizational will be highly effective as explained in the behavioral approach to the effectiveness. If the organization, without compromising with its fundamental programmers and policies, could readjust to accommodate legitimate aspirations of the employees, In employees, it should do so the achieve effectiveness. In case there is a conflict between the individual and the group goals and the issued relate to the very existence of the organization, the organization will have to take a firm stand to deal with the situation. To help in achieving the effectiveness of the organization, the employees the effectiveness of the organization, the employees should have the following characteristics: a. They should be attracted towards and satisfied with the organization. b. They should be committed to the organization. c. Their motives, goals and needs should not be in conflict with the organizational goals. d. The employees should be able and knowledgeable. e. They should have their role clarity. f. The job turnover should be very low, if any. EFFECTIVENESS THROUGH ADAPTIVE COPING STYLE AND HOW THESE OBSTACLES OVERCOME: 1. Sensing of Change. The first basic stage in the cycle is the sensing of change in some part of the internal and external environment. Failure to perceive changes in the environment or incorrectly perceiving the changes is the major factor for the failure of the organization to cope with environment. The organizations should have effective Management Information System for effectively coping with the environment. 2. The second stage in the cycle is the import of relevant information about the change into those parts of the organization that can act upon it. However, it is very difficult to decide which imputes are to be taken from the environment and organizations often fail to perceive the relevant inputs, particularly the information. 3. Changing Conversation Process. Inputs are taken by the organization from the environment for further processing, this is known as the conversion process. The conversion process should be modified according to environmental requirements as indicated by the information. 4. Stabilizing Internal Changes. The fourth stage of the cycle is to stabilize the internal changes while taking care of undesired changes in related systems which have resulted from the desired changes. This is necessary because each sub system in the organization is dependent upon others and change in one may affect others but this effect may be positive or negative. 5. Exporting New Outputs. When the internal change is established, the organization becomes in a position to export new outputs which are in accordance with the environmental requirements. Some different and additional attempts may be required for exporting the new outputs. If the organization fails to adopt the new methods, it may become ineffective.. 6. Obtaining Feedback. The last stage in the cycle is the obtaining of feedback on the outcome of the changes for further sensing of the state of the external environment and the degree of integration of the internal environment. This stage is very much related with the first stage because process of sensing may be the same. Failure at any of these stages may result into ineffectiveness. A successful coping suggests that all of the stages must be successfully negotiated. Following are the major organizational conditions for effective coping: 1. The Organization must have a proper communication system through which reliable and valid information may be passed. 2. Enough internal flexibility should be there so that changes can be brought absorbed by the organization. 3. Successful coping requires integration and commitment to the organizational goals which provides willingness for change. There should be supportive internal climate which can support good communication, reduction in inflexibility and stimulation of self protection. The Most important factor that likely to determine the successful performance of work organizations is Organizational Culture There are four steps in the integration of organizational cultures in international expansions that result from mergers or acquisition The two groups have to establish the purpose, goal, and focus of their merger They have to develop mechanisms to identify the most important organizational structures and management roles They have to determine who has authority over the resources needed for getting things done They have to identify the expectations of all involved parties and facilitate communication between both departments and individuals in the structure Three aspects of organizational functioning that are important in determining MNC organizational culture The general relationship between the employees and their organization The hierarchical system of authority that defines the roles of managers and subordinates The general views that employees hold about the MNCs purpose, destiny, goals, and their places in them. Guideline to Overcome such diversity i.e. Culture in an organization Select team members for their task-related abilities Team members must recognize and be prepared to deal with their differences Team leader must help the group to identify and define its overall goal Members must have equal power so that everyone can participate in the process All members must have mutual respect for each other. Managers must give teams positive feedback on their process and output Example related to Cultural Environment: The company plays an important role in the success of the organization. A corporate culture helps to attract the best talent in the industry. The case describes the corporate culture of Google Inc. Google is one of the few companies that have successfully blended technological innovation with a strong corporate culture The case provides insight into the work environment, and recruitment process at Google. The case also provides insight into how Google fostered innovation among employees. The case ends with a critique of Googles organizational culture Google Inc. (Google) is considered one of the most successful Internet start-ups. In 2003, favorite search engines in the world was for their accuracy and speed in obtaining results. Apart from the technological advantage over its competitors, Google is successful because of its ability to attract and retain the best talents of these employees. And the process was possible thanks to Googles corporate culture. During the Internet bubble in late 1990, Google was the only company that does not suffer wear, while the experience of other employees of large tech companies had sales of 20-25% Googles corporate culture is legendary in Silicon Valley. Googlehas been a symbol of successful Internet companies. For many, the successful combination of company culture and technology in Silicon Valley. It is estimated that Google has succeeded because it had removed the unnecessary bureaucracy and hierarchy gave its engineers to work hands free. But not everyone in the culture of Google was impressed. Some think that Google could not complete support their growth with the current culture. It is believed that Google had exceeded its informal culture, and it would be informal, from now on, the confusion among employees and customers. In addition, Google also crucial for their establishment and the lack of unity of command at the highest level. Google founders Larry Page (Larry) and Sergey Bring (Sergio) graduated in computer science from Stanford in 1995. In January 1996, the work of Larry and Sergey in their project aims to extend the summer through a search engine. They wanted a technology that has provided the necessary information from the enormous amount of data available on the Internet to grow because of its ability to identify and analyze the links in its search engine Back Backrub which refers to a site particular. Backrub in 1997 had received great popularity due to its unique approach to solving the problems of Internet research. During the first half of 1998, Larry and Sergey were focused on perfecting his technique. To store large amounts of data, they bought a terabyte of disk storage (a billion bytes is a terabyte) at bargain prices. Larry dormitory use data Center while Sergey room via an office. So far, they knew your search technology best available technology and other. They began an active participation with potential partners in the Technology Licensing YourSearch Engine Research technology. Larry and Sergey contact lots of people plus friends and family. One of the people they got in contact with was David File , the creator of Yahoo, a leading portal2. File complimented them for the solid equipment they had build, although did not come into any contract among them. Instead, he motivate them to set up their own company After collecting another $ 1 million from family and friends, the office of Larry and Sergey, 7 opened in September 1998. California office was in the garage of a friends house in Menlo Park. The name of Google, but by an accident, said the companys mission and organize the data available on the Internet most of the selected type. The site is set www.google.com and operation of the duo their first employee Stanford colleague Craig Silverstein (Silverstein), later chief technology officer of Google. . Google has an informal work culture in the (home) Googolplex. Both Larry and Sergey wanted to make Google a great place to work. Because of their faith, the Googolplex, decorated with lava lamps and painted in bright colors of the Google logo (Refer Figure I for Google Logo). Googles have been allowed to bring pets in the workplace, and were willing even with snacks, lunch and dinner by a famous chef Charlie Ayers. The room was Googolplex Google snack cereals, gummy bears, cashew nuts and other snacks and fruit juices, soft drinks and cappuccino Sergey and Larry have also focused on hiring people with good humor. They have been personally involved in hiring. To attract major change in Google Top Ten Reasons to Google on its website (Refer Table II). Google has hired people with different abilities and characteristics (see Table III).When hiring, Google for its academic excellence, as in the class of SAT test scores and other graduates were needed. For an interview call from Google, a person must be a first class university .Google management should also encourage innovation and creativity in the workplace. Clear that to maintain growth, the company had come up with new products and features. However, the company had problems, these ideas are translated into successful products, knock. Silverstein said: Weve always had good ideas, but we had no good way to express or catch them. To resolve the problem, Google implemented an internal web site to pursue new ideas Many analysts believe that fluctuations in Googles zero percent during the dotcom boom, the evidence from tissue culture. But not everyone was convinced that Google was entitled to its work culture. They found that the company was to manage growth. A 12-hour day became the norm in the industry. Googles hiring process has been criticized by analysts. It was noted that Google is too narrow in its approach; it is displayed in the stands and graduate certificates of the candidates instead of experience. Commenting on the hiring process, said a Google, If youre already at Cisco for 20 years, who do not. But the government defended the contracting process say they have intelligence and reason more valuable than experience. Performance of the Organization can be sometimes seems to be very easy but actually it is not the case. So most of the important thing in any organization is to look for is Manpower Humanreource and the environment in which all the employees are working both internally and externally both have to analyze with an close eye to take any advancement in any decision making in an organization The changing nature of modern work organizations and attempt to challenge and criticize the validity of this statement. Yes, As now the Modern work environment changes a lot due to Global attraction and as the whole world is becoming a global village now one which is more effective organization will survive. In this era Mergers Acquisition, Technology Advancement, Outsourcing, Modern HR like Rewards, Incentive, Retention, Training and Development took place a far more level just take an any example in developed or developing nation these practices are very common especially in Banking Industries examples like Barclays and Lehman and for Technology now a days SAP is used every Organization to integrate all his regions, Departments, Supply Chain Customers now these practices are also common in developing nation like Pakistan, India, Bangladesh etc. Major Merger Acquisition 1990s Top 10 Merger Acquisition deals globally by value (in mil. USD) from 1990 to 1999: Category Year Buyer Purchased 1 1999 Vodafone Air touch PLC Mannesmann 2 1999 Pfizer Warner-Lambert 3 1998 Exxon Mobil 4 1998 Citicorp Travelers Group 5 1999 SBC Communications Ameritech Corporation 6 1999 Vodafone Group Air Touch Communications 7 1998 Bell Atlantic GTE 8 1998 BP Amoco 9 1999 Qwest Communications US WEST 10 1997 WorldCom MCI Communications 2000s Top 10 MA deals worldwide by value (in mil. USD) from 2000 to 2009: Category Year Buyer Purchased 1 2000 Fusion: America Online Inc. (AOL) Time Warner 2 2000 Glico Welcome Plc. SmithKline Beecham Plc. 3 2004 Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. Shell Transport Trading Co 4 2006 ATHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATTHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATTT Inc BellSouth Corporation 5 2001 Comcast Corporation ATHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATTHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATTT Broadband Internet Sacs 6 2009 Pfizer Inc. Wyeth 7 2000 Spin-off: Nortel Networks Corporation 8 2002 Pfizer Inc. Pharmacia Corporation 9 2004 JP Morgan Chase Co Banc One Corp 10 2008 Imbed Inc. Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc As shown in the above table it is clearly indicated the facts that the number of MA are increasing day by day so the organization who handle his Human resource well can lead in this race. Defining MWO (Modern Work Organization) Definitions of MWO usually need to be understood against its presumed antidote, i.e. the scientific management principles associated with the names of Frederick Winslow Taylor and Henry Ford. Using the categorization of Atkinson (1984), MWO is related to functional flexibility, rather than numerical or wage flexibility. Other terms which have been in use to describe the phenomenon include High Performance Work Organisation and High-Involvement management (cp. Besant 2003). Attila and Ylà ¶stalo (2002; 2005), in their research on Finland, talk about pro-active workplaces, key characteristics of which are that workers have increased possibilities to exert influence, and at the same time increased responsibility. A pro-active work organisation is simultaneously (a) able to implement new workplace practices within operational activities (for example semi-autonomous teams); (b) able to coordinate work across organisation (for example flat organisation or interaction) and (c) it has an active HRM policy as support and assistance (for example training). This is illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 1 (from BDL 2002). Systematic approach towards Modern Organization: Systematic approach is very useful for this modern era to make an organization effective make the work which is really want to be in the systematic manner. The Following are the systematic approaches which are used to be modern organization. -Way work is coordinated across the organisation -Way work is organized within operational activities -Supporting Human Resource Policies -Flatter Hierarchy -Information Flow -Team/Management Interaction -Semi-autonomous work teams -Investment in training -Reward Systems -Performance Measurement -Multi-skilling through Job Rotation Decentral organisational structures: Flat hierarchies and decentralization of decision-making (reduction of the number of management layers; fewer different functions, i.e. job enlargement; improved flow of information between shop floor and management); Semi-autonomous work teams; Process focus; Direct cooperation links with stakeholders (customers, business partners, public authorities, RD units etc.) at every hierarchic level; Corporate cultures which focus on people and learning: Systematic approach to skill acquisition (lifelong learning) with a focus on widening skills rather than simply adapting skills to changing functional requirements; Strong focus on soft skills such as communication skills, team-working, conflict management etc.; Wide participation in training, also involving less qualified members of staff; Innovative performance measurement reward schemes: Management by objectives (for teams and individuals); Financial and non-financial performance measures; Performance-related remuneration. While each of these components have been extensively dealt with in the management literature, evidence suggests that they provide the biggest benefit to companies if deployed in a systematic approach Impact on Workers: While decentralization of control is generally praised as an ideal means to achieve greater labor flexibility as well as higher motivation and (following from that) higher productivity, there are also risks involved. It is certain that increasing responsibility and self-control at all hierarchical levels tends to increase the work pressure as perceived by employees (Voß 1998, Gottschall Voß 2005; Cullen e